Engineering Discipline Practice Test

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• Approximately how many electrical engineering jobs are there in the U.S.?
• Head loss in a pipe is described by h_f = f (L/D) (v^2 /(2g)). Which of the following statements best describes the dependence of head loss?
• State Hooke's law for a linear elastic material.
• Fourier's law states that heat flux q is proportional to the temperature gradient. If the gradient is zero, q equals what?
• Which statement about an LTI system with all poles in the left-half plane is true concerning its impulse response?
• Which technology uses magnets and waves to create detailed images of the body's soft tissue?
• If a system has a pole in the right-half plane, what does this indicate about stability?
• What does electrical engineering mainly involve?
• What do chemical engineers make to help farmers grow more food?
• What does yield strength indicate about a material?
• For a sinusoidal signal, what is the relationship between its peak value and its RMS value?
• Which description best captures the primary responsibilities of civil engineers?
• In digital control, what is the role of a sampling period T_s?
• In energy terms, solar energy is best described as which kind of source?
• Aerospace engineering focuses on which domains?
• If the Hessian is indefinite at a critical point, what does that imply about the point?
• Energy stored in a capacitor E = 0.5 C V^2. If C=200 μF and V=10 V, what is E?
• Which field would most likely be involved in evaluating the safety and performance of implanted medical devices?
• If the thickness L of a plane wall doubles, the heat transfer rate q will
• Electrical engineers primarily work with technologies in which areas?
• State Bernoulli's equation for steady, incompressible flow.
• In sampling theory, what is required by the Nyquist criterion to avoid aliasing?
• How does the end deflection of a cantilever beam with an end load scale with length L?
• Maximum Material Condition is used to ensure what in assemblies?
• Which of the following would an electrical engineer most likely help to design?
• Which statement about penny composition is accurate?
• What is the energy stored in an inductor with L=1 H and I=3 A?
• Which gas do plants take in from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?
• How is a factor of safety defined with a simple example?
• Which term best describes a chip designed to handle processing tasks inside a larger device?
• When was civil engineering called civil engineering?
• What is the purpose of the log-mean temperature difference (LMTD) in heat exchanger design?
• In Fourier's law q = -k A dT/dx, which statement is true about the sign of q when dT/dx > 0?
• Which of these is a renewable source of energy?
• If a solid circular cross-section has diameter 0.1 m, what is the polar moment of area J?
• In a beam, what is the general form of the shear stress at a cross-section using V, Q, I, and b?
• Which expression correctly relates the equivalent resistance Rp of two resistors in parallel to R1 and R2?
• A simply supported beam has a central point load P = 20 kN and span L = 6 m. What is the maximum bending moment Mmax?
• In the deflection formula δ = P L^3 /(3 E I), what does E represent?
• What is the dynamic pressure term 0.5 ρ v^2 for ρ = 1000 kg/m^3 and v = 4 m/s?
• Is a system with all poles in the left-half plane stable?
• What does DFMEA stand for and what is its purpose?
• What is the main goal of an industrial engineer?
• Which achievement best demonstrates the role of materials engineering in energy storage?
• In optimization, what does the second-order condition say about a critical point?
• In a pin-connected two-member truss in static equilibrium, how do you determine member forces using the method of joints?
• What is the main purpose of an artificial pacemaker?
• If a signal is sampled at a rate below twice its highest frequency component, what phenomenon occurs?
• What is the main purpose of professional codes of ethics for engineers?
• How is the factor of safety (FoS) defined in mechanical design?
• What does Maximum Material Condition (MMC) mean in geometric tolerancing?
• Which class is listed as part of the chemical engineering college curriculum?
• How is thermal efficiency of a heat engine defined?
• What is the standard medical term for artificial devices that replace missing body parts?
• The RC time constant for charging a capacitor is τ = RC. If R = 2 kΩ and C = 1 μF, what is τ?
• MRI imaging primarily depends on which physical principle?
• Materials engineers primarily study which aspects of materials used in products?
• In a simply supported beam of span L with a central point load P, what is the maximum bending moment and where is it located?
• Which of the following might a computer engineer design?
• Which pair of disciplines most directly supports computer processor design?
• Factor of safety FoS is defined as allowable stress divided by actual stress. If the actual stress increases while the allowable stress remains fixed, FoS will
• Which statement about BIBO stability is correct?
• PN junction diode forward vs reverse bias current behavior?
• Which statement best distinguishes yield strength from ultimate tensile strength in a material?
• Which statement best describes the goal of computer engineering?
• Where is an industrial engineer most likely to work to help reduce customer wait times?
• If the eigenvalues of a matrix are 3 and 1, what is the determinant of the matrix?
• A rod initially 2.0 m long has coefficient of thermal expansion α = 12e-6 /°C. If its temperature increases by ΔT = 50°C, what is the change in length ΔL?
• How is Net Present Value (NPV) defined and computed?
• Which field focuses on designing rockets and spacecraft?
• What defines the geometric tolerance zone in GD&T?
• Which of the following is a simple machine studied by mechanical engineers?
• What is a common strategy to improve reliability in product design?
• For a rectangular cross-section, what is the bending stress at a distance y from the neutral axis when moment M is applied?
• What is the general form of Fourier's law for one-dimensional heat conduction?
• An ideal gas undergoes an isothermal process (temperature constant). Which statement about pressure and volume is true?
• In a linear elastic material, what does the area under a force-displacement curve represent?
• For a constant hazard-rate failure process, which expression correctly describes MTBF?
• An electrical engineer is most likely to deal with which energy type?
• State Newton's second law for rotational motion and define angular impulse.
• Which term describes the defined region within which a feature size or location must lie according to geometric dimensioning and tolerancing?
• For conduction through a plane wall of thickness L, the heat transfer rate q is inversely proportional to L. Which option expresses this relationship?
• Name a standard used for geometric dimensioning and tolerancing in engineering design.
• In hazard analysis, what is the purpose of a Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)?
• What does an embedded system usually do?
• What is the main goal of industrial engineering?
• Which of the following is a typical target for aerospace engineers to design?
• The time constant τ for an RC circuit has units of what?
• Why is civil engineering called what it is?
• For a solid circular cross-section of diameter D, the polar moment of area J about the centroid is given by which expression?
• Which material category is associated with the highest energy absorption before fracture due to plastic deformation?
• If the diameter D doubles, how does the polar moment of area J change?
• In a steady incompressible flow, if A1 = A2, what is the relation between velocities v1 and v2?
• Energy stored in an inductor is E = 0.5 L I^2. If L=0.5 H and I=2 A, what is E?
• Which accomplishment is associated with materials engineering?
• What do chemical engineers mostly do?
• If asked to assess long-term durability, civil engineers primarily ensure what?
• If Rin is doubled in an ideal op-amp non-inverting amplifier with Rf = 10 kΩ, Rin = 2 kΩ, what is the new closed-loop gain?
• Which of these could an industrial engineer work on?
• Given a resistor with current I = 2 A and resistance R = 5 Ω, what is the voltage across it?
• Which factor is NOT typically considered by civil engineers in long-term infrastructure design?
• What is biomedical engineering?
• Which infrastructural element most directly reduces waterborne disease risk?
• Which statement best describes the focus of industrial engineering in service settings?
• In a reversible thermodynamic process, is the entropy production zero?
• In engineering terminology, CAC stands for what?
• Which development is a classic example of improving industrial efficiency?
• In design practice, what is the purpose of redundancy?
• Which is part of aerospace engineering?
• For a capacitor, if the voltage is doubled from V to 2V while capacitance remains constant, how does the stored energy change?
• A 12 kN force is applied perpendicular to a 3 m lever; what is the moment about the lever's pivot?
• Newton's law of cooling for convection from a surface to a fluid is described by which equation?
• For a simply supported beam with a central point load, where is the maximum bending moment located?
• In CPM, what determines the project duration?
• Which of the following would an industrial engineer most likely work on?
• A project requires an initial investment of $1,000 and yields $200 per year for 7 years. What is the simple payback period?
• Which professional would most likely work on the design of a robot or engine for a vehicle?
• Define a fatigue life concept: what is a stress concentration factor Kt?
• Which combination of subjects provides the strongest foundation for studying chemical engineering?
• Using one step of Newton's method to approximate sqrt(2) for f(x)=x^2-2 with x0=1, what is x1?
• In phasor analysis, which of the following correctly expresses the impedances of an ideal inductor and an ideal capacitor?
• State the first law of thermodynamics for a closed system.
• What are the eigenvalues of the matrix A = [[2, 1], [1, 2]]?
• Break-even point in units is given by which formula?
• In the context of energy in a linear elastic material, which quantity is equal to the strain energy stored?
• Which statement about the Critical Path Method (CPM) is true?
• What is the deflection at the free end of a cantilever beam of length L subjected to a concentrated load P at the free end?
• A chemical engineer wants to develop a new medicine and improve how it is manufactured on a larger scale. Which industry would most likely employ this engineer?
• For a constant-rate failure process, how is MTBF related to the failure rate λ?
• What is one major benefit of recycling?
• What is the SI unit of dynamic viscosity?
• How do ductile and brittle materials differ in terms of plastic deformation and energy absorption?
• What is the difference between bilateral and unilateral tolerances on a mechanical feature?
• In a tensile test, what does a 0.2% offset yield strength mean?
• What is the primary purpose of materials engineering?
• Which item is NOT included in the electrical engineering field?
• Which of the following could be designed by a mechanical engineer?
• HAZOP stands for Hazard and Operability Study.
• For a diode with I_s = 1e-12 A, n = 1, V_t ≈ 25 mV, and V = 0.7 V, the current is approximately which value?
• Which statement best captures the overarching objective for engineers in these fields?
• In an RL circuit with L = 2 H and R = 4 Ω, the time constant τ equals:
• For f(x)=x^3-3x, what is the sign of f'(x) at x=0?
• What does the carat value of gold indicate?
• Thevenin's theorem states that any linear circuit seen from two terminals can be replaced by which equivalent?
• Air travel would be possible without aerospace engineering?
• Which system is commonly associated with mechanical engineering design?
• Which statement best captures the essence of biomedical engineering?
• Angular impulse is defined as the integral of which quantity over time?
• State the first law of thermodynamics for a closed system and define Q and W.
• For a particle moving from x1 to x2 under a conservative force, the relation between potential energy change and work done is:
• What happens when certain shape-memory alloys are heated after being bent?
• In a resistor network, apply Kirchhoff's Current Law at a node with currents i1, i2, i3; what is the relation?
• Which equation represents Fourier's law for heat conduction in a solid rod?
• What is a main responsibility of electrical engineers?
• Calculate Reynolds number Re for the given properties: ρ = 1000 kg/m^3, v = 2 m/s, D = 0.05 m, μ = 0.001 Pa·s.
• If a capacitor's capacitance increases from 200 μF to 400 μF with the voltage held constant, how does the stored energy change?
• If Kt increases, what happens to fatigue life for a given nominal stress?
• Stefan-Boltzmann law for radiation between surfaces is given by which expression?
• In an RL circuit subjected to a step input with zero initial current, which expression correctly describes the current i(t) and the time constant τ?
• What is the primary objective of the Critical Path Method in project management?
• Magnetic flux φ is related to B and A by what formula?
• In a rod with a positive coefficient of thermal expansion α, and a temperature rise ΔT > 0, what happens to the length L?
• Under the superposition principle, when analyzing a linear circuit with both independent and dependent sources, how should you treat the sources?
• Which task best represents the work of a chemical engineer in a manufacturing facility?
• According to professional ethics, engineers should give paramount consideration to which of the following?
• Why are transportation infrastructure systems considered a key societal achievement of civil engineering?
• How is thermal resistance for conduction through a slab defined?
• What is the purpose of a factor of safety in design?
• Ohm's law in its basic form is described by which equation?
• Which statement best describes the purpose of the Fourier transform of a time-domain signal?
• What two major fields does computer engineering combine?
• What is the SI unit of moment?
• In a DC circuit with a voltage source and resistors in series, can the current be different in series components?
• Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem requires the sampling frequency to be at least twice the maximum signal frequency to avoid aliasing. Which option correctly expresses this requirement?
• In five fair coin tosses, what is the probability of getting exactly three heads?
• For R = 1 kΩ and C = 2 μF, the RC time constant is what?
• Which statement best describes the societal impact of transportation infrastructure?
• What is the objective of a root locus stability analysis?
• In calculating NPV, what is the effect of increasing the discount rate i on NPV?
• What is the primary study area of materials engineers?
• In a two-port network, input impedance Z_in is defined as
• Which field studies the behavior of air around moving objects?
• Using Bernoulli's equation for incompressible flow between two points, given p1 = 200 kPa, v1 = 2 m/s, v2 = 4 m/s, and density ρ = 1000 kg/m^3, what is p2?
• Two concurrent forces of 5 kN each act at the same point with an included angle of 60 degrees. What is the magnitude of the resultant force?
• What is the primary goal of most biomedical engineering projects?
• What type of energy do electrical engineers mostly deal with?
• For an ideal gas undergoing an isentropic process, which relation holds between P and V?
• Which microscopic mechanism is responsible for strain hardening (work hardening) in metals?
• What is ductility?
• Which long-term factors must civil engineers consider to keep infrastructure safe over decades?
• For an isentropic expansion of an ideal gas, if the volume doubles, the pressure becomes P/2^γ. With γ = 1.4, which expresses the resulting pressure ratio?
• What is the SI unit of gm, the small-signal transconductance?
• Define the Reynolds number and its significance in pipe flow.
• A Carnot engine operates between Th = 500 K and Tc = 300 K. What is the maximum theoretical thermal efficiency?
• Which of the following could a computer engineer work on?
• How did civil engineers help reduce waterborne diseases?
• Which subject is especially important in mechanical engineering?
• Which statement correctly defines a pole in a transfer function?
• For Ic = 2 mA and Vt = 25 mV, what is the small-signal transconductance gm?
• Which statement is true about Maximum Material Condition (MMC) in assemblies?
• In a truss, what is the fundamental assumption about member forces?
• Which statement best describes Carnot efficiency?
• Which task would an industrial engineer most likely optimize?
• How does hydrostatic pressure vary with depth in a stationary fluid?
• Which statement expresses Kirchhoff's Voltage Law?
• Which device is commonly designed by biomedical engineers to regulate a patient's heartbeat?
• In the shear stress formula τ = V Q /(I b), what does Q denote?
• In one-dimensional steady conduction, which expression correctly represents Fourier's law for heat flux?
• Which statement best describes the fundamental distinction between dynamic and static systems in control?
• An RC circuit with a step input and initial capacitor voltage zero has time constant τ and capacitor voltage Vc(t) given by which relation?
• A computer engineer might work on which components?
• Which industry is most associated with scaling up medications for widespread use?
• LMTD stands for which term in heat exchanger analysis?
• What is one famous example of improved industrial efficiency?
• How do civil engineers contribute to communities through transportation systems?
• Which statement describes the superposition principle in linear circuits?
• In which career area can computer engineers work?
• What is a microprocessor?
• Which engineer specializes in designing systems like robots or car engines?
• Which statement correctly identifies the components of a PID controller and their functions?
• Carnot efficiency for a heat engine operating between temperatures Th and Tc is given by which expression?
• What classes will a chemical engineer need to take in college?
• Aerospace focuses on which applications?
• When designing infrastructure, civil engineers must consider long-term factors such as weather, heavy use, and aging to ensure what?
• As an example of the Nyquist criterion, if the maximum signal frequency is 2 kHz, the minimum sampling frequency is 4 kHz.
• In a two-port network, Z_in is defined as the ratio of which quantities when the output port is properly terminated?
• Which of the following is a simple machine studied by mechanical engineers?
• The Laplace transform of e^{-a t} u(t) is which expression?
• Civil engineering was designated as a formal field in which century?
• Aeronautical focuses on which subjects?
• What is the continuity equation for incompressible, steady flow relating areas and velocities?
• If fixed costs double and price and variable cost stay the same, what happens to the break-even point in units?
• In a pair of resistors in series, the equivalent resistance R_eq equals which expression?
• Which statement best describes the focus of mechanical engineering?
• An ideal op-amp in a non-inverting configuration has Rf = 10 kΩ and Rin = 2 kΩ. What is the closed-loop gain?
• What do mechanical engineers primarily design and develop?
• In a steady incompressible flow, the continuity equation A1 v1 = A2 v2 implies what if A2 > A1?
• Pacemakers regulate which bodily function?
• If the net torque on a rigid body is zero, what is the resulting angular acceleration?
• The carat value relates to which property of gold?